Have you heard the term DNA test? Maybe you've heard this from your neighborhood, in the film, news or gossip celebrity on television. DNA tests or ideas to this day is the most accurate way to determine the identity and personality. What is DNA? How to check when performing a DNA test? As this test can identify someone?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, or the Indonesian language is often called the idea behind the deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA or genetic material of Eden, which is located in the body of every person who has inherited from their parents. DNA is present in the cell nucleus in the structure of chromosomes and mitochondria.
Function as a plan that serves as a code for each person, as to hair color, eye shape, face shape, skin color, and others. Introduction to the structure of DNA was introduced Francis Crick, the English scientist James Watson and from the United States in 1953.
DNAUntuk structure easier to understand that DNA, you are trying to come up with punishment. The proposal consists of several words. And every word is created from an alphabet. In other words, the alphabet is a key element in many languages. The same principle can be applied to DNA. At the molecular level, "alphabet" of DNA is carried out primary. What is surprising is that the "alphabet" consists of only four letters A, C, G and T, which is a symbol of the chemical bases adenine, cytosine (cytosine), guanine and thymine. These connections form the exclusive bond in which the adenine always paired with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine.
The form of the DNA double helix, as with the meeting. DNA consists of 4 pairs of nucleotides A, C, G and T, are chemical compounds containing nitrogen. The sequence of bases in the DNA molecule is the determining the genetic information contained in it. In short, this sequence determines almost everything about you, from hair color, skin color, to form the nose.
Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, consisting of 22 pairs of somatic chromosomes and 1 pair of chromosomes determine sex. XX chromosomes determine the sex of a person with a female and XY for a man who male. The chromosome received from the parents, half from the mother and half from the father.
DNA testing
On the mitochondrial DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA obtained from the mother in general. Tests with one mengembil mitochondrial DNA can determine whether a person has a relationship with mother's family, maternal or family relationships. By comparing the mitochondrial DNA, which has a biological mother, grandmother and brothers and sisters from the mother.
Because the mother is fully lowered mitochondrial DNA to her son, what about parents? Father will inherit the Y chromosome in her son (because the Y chromosome has only a male sex chromosomes, XY). Although girls do not have Y chromosomes (XX female sex chromosome).
To prove the relations in the family of the father can be done by comparing the Y chromosomes of the child with her biological father or brother of his father. Since the consideration of the Y chromosome only for boys, then how do DNA tests on the girl?
DNA testing is done by taking DNA from the somatic chromosomes. Relationship of DNA in the somatic almost the same in every individual from serving the forms and functions of organs. The sequence of errors can interfere in the issue of people. But basically, these cells also have the area known as the area of STR (short tandem repeats). This area does not give the code to do something.
PR is what is unique because it is different for each person. The difference lies in the sequence of base pairs is generated and the PR sequence repetition. AGACC sequence will be different from those who have a string AGACT. So to repeat the procedure, which is unique. STR pattern inherited from the parents.
As a DNA test?
In this example, a DNA test to prove whether a child is indeed the biological child of the husband and wife. How do I check to make the analysis of DNA, took a child, STR. In addition, the laboratory will analyze the sequence of lines STR same or with those who did plan the child. The goal is not only because the review is continuing, looking at the number of chromosomes.
For example, examination of the child found that the number of chromosome 3 has AGACT repeat sequence 2 times. If the father or mother, who claimed that his biological parents also have the same loop on the same number of chromosomes, it can be made between 2 people who have family ties.
One can say that consanguinity, if you have the same 16 STR kelurga from birth. If the order and repetition of the same, then the two people who have tested the connection, brothers or other close blood relations. This amount is quite small compared with the overall context of the spiral of our bodies, billions.
DNA tests carried out by taking a small part of your body to compare with other people. Parts that can be taken to test hair, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, semen, blood and other body tissues. This example will not change for one lifetime. Use of alcohol, tobacco or drugs will not change the structure of DNA. The results of DNA tests will be run out of new patients can be seen in 2 / 4 weeks. Expenditure required for DNA analysis, this time from 7 to 8 million dollars.
Benefits of DNA Testing
DNA analysis is now a tendency to prove a link to their blood relations. Given the many betrayals and free sex, produced a lot of children, who questioned the origin of their parents. Because of this, many couples are doing DNA tests to prove the origin of these children were born.
Even in some countries, many medical DNA testing. Many also use DNA tests because of suspicions about their partner. Some people leave personal items owned by his partner in the clinic to be tested whether the couple communicate with other users who are not husband and wife.
The police, DNA testing is also used for forensic examination. DNA is the most rigorous evidence to verify identification than fingerprints. With DNA testing, police can provide real evidence of bodies that had been destroyed, provided that tissue samples may be taken on these corpses.
In addition, to identify family relationships, DNA also serves to identify a particular disease until the disease is complex. Because DNA testing to determine the cause of the disease, which is significantly smaller inheritance.
Technical progress has made more new things to learn. DNA is being tested, to identify the most accurate and reliable. Information about DNA tests in hopes that will help you know more closer to this process.
